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<p>This article discusses the high-level design principles behind <a href="https://ctrfantennasinc.com/5g-antenna-array-architecture/">5G antenna array architecture</a> MIMO and beamforming technology to meet the requirements of <a href="https://ctrfantennasinc.com/antennas/cellular-antenna/5g-antenna/">5G NR</a> systems.</p> <p>The higher the carrier frequency, the path loss will increase significantly relative to the fixed antenna size of the wavelength. A smaller antenna size at a higher carrier frequency means that more antennas are installed in the same area.</p> <p>The path loss caused by the increase in carrier frequency can be overcome by using more antennas without increasing the overall physical size of the 5G antenna array.</p> <p>In addition, when the carrier frequency increases above about 10 GHz, diffraction will no longer be the main propagation mechanism. Above 10Ghz, reflection and scattering will be the most important transmission mechanisms for non-line-of-sight transmission links.</p>